The ITPGRFA, or International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, is an international agreement praised by the FAO and entered into force in June 2004. It provides a legal framework for exchanges of biological resources when these are related to food safety issues.

The aim of this treaty is to promote the conservation of agricultural biodiversity by controlling its exploitation and sustainable recovery. It defines the way benefits arising from their use are shared. The ITPGRFA is a treaty operating in accordance with the principles dictated by the Convention on Biological Diversity.