Commonly called "Nagoya Protocol", this international agreement entered into force on 12 October 2014. His complete name is "Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity ".

The aim of this protocol is to prevent the theft of ancestral and cultural knowledge as well as the misappropriation of genetic resources (phenomena better known as "biopiracy"). For this, it provides an international legal framework for the "fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources." The Nagoya Protocol is part of the wider framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.